In 1919, his reason for increased secrecy emerged in an interview with Frederick M. Kerby, for "Resolution" magazine, while discussing a "three-hour" airplane between New York and London: "...we have here the appalling prospect of a war between nations at a distance of thousands of miles, with weapons so destructive and demoralizing that the world could not endure them. That is why there must be no more war." With the government's spurning of his defense suggestions, Tesla's only recourse was to withhold his secrets from the world, and to dissuade discovery in their direction.
In 1929, Tesla ridiculed Heinrich Hertz's 1887-89 experiments purportedly proving the Maxwellian "structureless" ether filling all space, "of inconceivable tenuity yet solid and possessed of rigidity incomparably greater than the hardest steel". Tesla's arguments were to the contrary, saying he had always believed in a "gaseous" ether in which he had observed waves more akin to sound waves. He recounted how he had developed a "new form of vacuum tube" in 1896 (which I call the "Tesla bulb"), "...capable of being charged to any desired potential, and operated it with effective pressures of about 4,000,000 volts." He described how purplish coronal discharges about the bulb when in use, verified the existence of "particles smaller than air", and a gas so light that an earth-sized volume would weigh only 1/20 pound. He further said sound waves moved at the velocity of light through this medium.
Tesla mentioned using his special tube to investigate cosmic rays, saying that when its emanations were impinged upon a target material, radioactive emissions resulted, and that radioactive bodies were simply "targets" continuously bombarded by "infinitesimal bullets projected from all parts of the universe", without which "all radioactivity would cease." His description of these "bullets" was similar to the ZPR.
On Apr. 15, 1932, Tesla said Einstein's theory regarding changing matter into force, and force into matter, was "absurd". He compared this to the difference between body and mind, saying force is a "...function of matter", and that, just as a mind could not exist without a body, "...without matter, there can be no force."
On Sept. 11, 1932 (New York Herald Tribune), Tesla derided the Maxwellian/Hertzian ether, while saying that higher frequency waves "...follow the curvature of the earth and bend around obstacles", yet in an Apr. 8, 1934 New York Times letter, said that short waves for "power purposes" of the 'wireless art', were inappropriate, and that power will travel in "long waves". His 1929 attack on the Maxwellian/Hertzian ether theory - 39 years afterward, during the advent of Relativism - seemed relevant only to his concealed theory, not to disclose it or promote it, but to conceal it.
THE NATURE OF ELECTRICITY
What were the old ether physicists referring to when they attempted to describe "an incompressible, perfect fluid"? What would a "perfect fluid" do? It would be able to "wet" everything it came into contact with, such as protons, and could flow everywhere without resistance. One "fluid" - the ether - could flow everywhere, and because of its density and ultra-fineness, nothing could stop it, and it felt no resistance, but only matter felt resistance, depending on the circumstances. Another fluid - electricity - could flow in certain places, and wet only certain things, but often met resistance.
In order to understand the ether, we must get to know electricity more intimately. Just like water, a proton will hold only so much electricity on its surface, but the 'surface' of the proton is probably similar to the outer area of a ball-shaped swarm of hovering mechanical bees, powered by the ZPR, with a denser agglomeration of "bees" toward the 'ball's' center. If this swarm of bees is subjected to a wave of rainy mist (the etheric 'wind'), the bees must all turn to face into the etheric wind to maintain their formation. The 'water' droplets - electric sub-charges carried by the etheric wind - tend to agglomerate around the front side. Each bee, as he flaps his wings, will get wet only so much, so that excess 'water' is thrown off and carried to the next bee, or the next swarm of bees, by the etheric wind, and so forth, so that a 'current' of droplets continues to flow through the ball of bees due to its motion through the etheric wind, and transfers momentum between masses.
The 'water' tends to come off in larger drops, which have formed from smaller droplets accumulated on each bee. As in fluid mechanics, the 'drop' size is the result of cohesiveness of the electric 'fluid', the surface area of each 'bee', and the space between each bee, all of which influences the final size of each larger 'drop' (the "electron") which accumulates enough to form it. If one were to mathematically analyze the flow of "drops" (i.e., "quanta") per mass unit, they would have an average rate of the flow of charges/cm3 of etheric wind, for the momentum, as determined by the "current" flow rate.
Much like the bees, as a body (its many electrons, atoms, and molecules, with plenty of 'space' within and between) sits at rest on the earth, it moves at fantastic speed through the universal ether field, due to the earth's revolution, orbit, and other motions.
In his 1891 A.I.E.E. lecture at Columbia College, Tesla said in pertinent part (emphasis mine): "What is electricity, and what is magnetism? "...We are now confident that electric and magnetic phenomena are attributable to the ether, and we are perhaps justified in saying that the effects of static electricity are effects of ether in motion". "...we may speak of electricity or of an electric condition, state or effect". "...we must distinguish two such effects, opposite in character neutralizing each other". "...for in a medium of the properties of the ether, we cannot possibly exert a strain, or produce a displacement or motion of any kind, without causing in the surrounding medium an equivalent and opposite effect." "...its condition determines the positive and negative character." "We know that it acts like an incompressible fluid;" "...the electro-magnetic theory of light and all facts observed teach us that electric and ether phenomena are identical." "The puzzling behavior of the ether as a solid to waves of light and heat, and as a fluid to the motion of bodies through it, is certainly explained in the most natural and satisfactory manner by assuming it to be in motion, as Sir William Thomson has suggested." "Nor can anyone prove that there are transverse ether waves emitted from an alternate current machine; to such slow disturbances, the ether, if at rest, may behave as a true fluid."
In his statements, Tesla was balancing the various arguments in preparation for his decision: "...Electricity, therefore, cannot be called ether in the broad sense of the term; but nothing would seem to stand in the way of calling electricity ether associated with matter, or bound ether; or, in other words, that the so-called static charge of the molecule is ether associated in some way with the molecule."
"...It cannot differ in density, ether being incompressible: it must, therefore, be under some strain or in motion, and the latter is the most probable." Tesla therefore believed in an ether which was in motion relative to earth, because the earth is in motion.
The thing which Tesla had realized, was that ether possesses electric charges which are deposited on atoms. In supporting the "dynamic" ether concept, he was supporting the "stationary ether" concept, since the "motion" he referred to was "apparent" motion of the ether perceived by an observer on earth, relative to a stationary ether.
The importance of cosmic motion to the electromagnetic effects of static charges was brought up by Tesla in his lecture: "About fifteen years ago, Prof. Rowland demonstrated a most interesting and important fact, namely, that a static charge carried around produces the effects of an electric current." "...and conceiving the electrostatically charged molecules in motion, this experimental fact gives us a fair idea of magnetism. We can conceive lines or tubes of force which physically exist, being formed of rows of directed moving molecules; we can see that these lines must be closed, that they must tend to shorten and expand, etc. It likewise explains in a reasonable way, the most puzzling phenomenon of all, permanent magnetism, and, in general, has all the beauties of the Ampere theory without possessing the vital defect of the same, namely, the assumption of molecular currents. Without enlarging further upon the subject, I would say, that I look upon all electrostatic, current and magnetic phenomena as being due to electrostatic molecular forces."
end of part 3
Subscribe to:
Post Comments (Atom)
No comments:
Post a Comment